H2O + 25.0 mM   CuSO4

pH = 4.74

  (at 25 °C)
Electrical conductivity:   2971.0 µS/cm   (info)
Ionic strength:   61.868 mmol/L   (info)
Alkalinity:   0.0 meq/L   (info)
Total hardness:   50.0 meq/L   (info)
Carbonate hardness:   0.0 meq/L   (info)
Redox potential (Eh):   797 mV  



Elements   (in mM)

S S 2.50e+01
S(6) Sulfate 2.50e+01
Cu Cu 2.50e+01
Cu(1) Cu(I) 1.60e-10
Cu(2) Cu(II) 2.50e+01
O(0) O(0) 1.13e-10

Aqueous Species   (in mM)

H+ 2.16e-02
OH- 6.89e-07
HSO4- 1.47e-02
SO4-2 1.55e+01
Cu+2 1.54e+01
CuOH+ 4.82e-03
Cu(OH)2 4.37e-04
Cu(OH)3- 1.81e-12
Cu2(OH)2+2 1.53e-02
CuSO4 9.52e+00
Cu+ 1.60e-10
O2 5.66e-11

Minerals   (Ksp values)

Mineral Formula SI Saturation state
Cu(OH)2 Cu(OH)2 -1.31 under-saturated
Chalcocite Cu2S -105.33 under-saturated
Covellite CuS -94.03 under-saturated
Tenorite CuO -0.29 under-saturated
Chalcanthite CuSO4:5H2O -1.69 under-saturated
Antlerite Cu3(OH)4SO4 2.04 super-saturated
Brochantite Cu4(OH)6SO4 2.31 super-saturated
Langite Cu4(OH)6SO4:H2O 0.86 super-saturated
Djurleite Cu0.066Cu1.868S -104.47 under-saturated
Anilite Cu0.25Cu1.5S -102.16 under-saturated
BlaubleiI Cu0.6Cu0.8S -94.50 under-saturated
BlaubleiII Cu0.9Cu0.2S -98.48 under-saturated
Sulfur S -85.10 under-saturated
CuMetal Cu -17.61 under-saturated

Disclaimer:   The pH calculator has been tested with great care. Nevertheless, the results are provided without warranty.